Types and working principles of hydraulic pumps
Date:
2023-11-03
A plunger pump is a power element of a hydraulic system. It is driven by a hydraulic motor and draws oil from the hydraulic fuel tank to form a pressure oil discharge and send it to the hydraulic element.Hydraulic pumps are divided into gear pumps, plunger pumps, vane pumps and screw pumps according to their structure.The following Xiaobian will introduce the varieties of hydraulic pumps and the operating principle of hydraulic pumps for us.
A plunger pump is a power element of a hydraulic system. It is driven by a hydraulic motor and draws oil from the hydraulic fuel tank to form a pressure oil discharge and send it to the hydraulic element.Hydraulic pumps are divided into gear pumps, plunger pumps, vane pumps and screw pumps according to their structure.The following Xiaobian will introduce the varieties of hydraulic pumps and the operating principle of hydraulic pumps for us.
Types of plunger pumps
1. Plunger pump: it is smaller in size and has a relatively simple structure. The cleanliness of the oil is not strictly demanded, and the quotation is cheaper; however, the pump shaft is subject to unbalanced force, severe wear and tear, and large leakage.
2. Vane pumps: it is divided into double-effect vane pumps and single-effect vane pumps.This kind of pump has uniform flow, stable operation, low noise, higher working pressure and volumetric power than gear pumps, and more complicated structure than gear pumps.
3. Plunger pumps: high volumetric power, small leakage, can operate under high pressure, and are mostly used in high-power hydraulic systems; however, the structure is messy, the data and machining accuracy are demanding, the quotation is expensive, and the cleanliness of the oil is demanding.
Working principle of plunger pump
A pump is an energy conversion device that converts the rotating mechanical energy of a motor into hydraulic energy output.Hydraulic pumps rely on the principle of sealed positive displacement for operation, so they are usually called positive displacement hydraulic pumps. Figure 2-l shows the operating principle diagram of a single plunger hydraulic pump.In the figure, the plunger 2 is mounted in the cylinder block 3 to form a sealed volume a, and the plunger is consistently pressed on the eccentric wheel 1 under the effect of the tension spring 4.The prime mover drives the eccentric wheel 1 to rotate so that the plunger 2 reciprocates, causing periodic replacement changes in the size of the sealing volume A.When a changes from small to large, it forms a bit of vacuum, so that the oil in the fuel tank, under the effect of atmospheric pressure, enters the oil chamber a through the top of the oil suction pipe through the single valve 6 and completes the oil absorption.；
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